pip问题
# 0. 简介
由于ETlab计算集群的dns存在未配置的情况，在需要联网的服务（例如安装python环境等）会出现问题，体现为对域名的访问会报错“未知的名称或服务”，而对IP的访问不受影响。具体体现为。
```shell
nslookup www.baidu.com
;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached
nslookup www.baidu.com 223.5.5.5
Server: 223.5.5.5
Address: 223.5.5.5#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 183.2.172.185
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 183.2.172.42
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 240e:ff:e020:9ae:0:ff:b014:8e8b
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 240e:ff:e020:966:0:ff:b042:f296
```
而利用代理方法是解决该问题一个方便快捷的方式，本文旨在介绍基于mihomo(clash.meta)的解决方案。
# 1. 在Linux中运行mihomo
该教程不仅适用于ETlab集群，也可运用于任意linux系统。本文仅介绍mihomo的实现方式，sing-box、*ray系用户自行解决。
## 1.1 mihomo下载
下载：[mihomo](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/mihomo/releases/download/Prerelease-Alpha/mihomo-linux-amd64-alpha-de19f92.gz)、[GeoSite.dat](https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat@release/geosite.dat)、[GeoIP.dat](https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat@release/geoip.dat)文件。其中，可以自行在[Release](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/mihomo/releases)中下载mihomo的最新版本。下载完成后将这些文件置于同一文件夹中。
```shell
mkdir mihomo
cd mihomo
gunzip mihomo-*.gz
chmod +x mihomo*
```
## 1.2 mihomo配置文件
编辑 ```config.yaml```文件，内容如下：
```yaml
# url 里填写自己的订阅,名称不能重复
proxy-providers:
provider1:
url: "你的订阅url"
type: http
interval: 86400
health-check: {enable: true,url: "https://www.gstatic.com/generate_204", interval: 300}
proxies:
- name: "直连"
type: direct
udp: true
mixed-port: 7890 #此处自行修改一个未被占用的端口
ipv6: false
allow-lan: true
unified-delay: false
tcp-concurrent: true
#external-controller: 127.0.0.1:9090 #此处自行修改一个未被占用的端口
geodata-mode: true
geox-url:
geoip: "https://mirror.ghproxy.com/https://github.com/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat/releases/download/latest/geoip-lite.dat"
geosite: "https://mirror.ghproxy.com/https://github.com/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat/releases/download/latest/geosite.dat"
mmdb: "https://mirror.ghproxy.com/https://github.com/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat/releases/download/latest/country-lite.mmdb"
asn: "https://mirror.ghproxy.com/https://github.com/xishang0128/geoip/releases/download/latest/GeoLite2-ASN.mmdb"
find-process-mode: strict
global-client-fingerprint: firefox
profile:
store-selected: true
store-fake-ip: true
sniffer:
enable: true
sniff:
HTTP:
ports: [80, 8080-8880]
override-destination: true
TLS:
ports: [443, 8443]
QUIC:
ports: [443, 8443]
skip-domain:
- "Mijia Cloud"
- "+.push.apple.com"
dns:
enable: true
ipv6: false
respect-rules: true
enhanced-mode: fake-ip
fake-ip-filter:
- "*"
- "+.lan"
- "+.local"
- "+.market.xiaomi.com"
nameserver:
- https://120.53.53.53/dns-query
- https://223.5.5.5/dns-query
proxy-server-nameserver:
- https://120.53.53.53/dns-query
- https://223.5.5.5/dns-query
nameserver-policy:
"geosite:cn,private":
- https://120.53.53.53/dns-query
- https://223.5.5.5/dns-query
"geosite:geolocation-!cn":
- "https://dns.cloudflare.com/dns-query#默认"
- "https://dns.google/dns-query#默认"
proxy-groups:
- name: 默认
type: select
proxies: [自动选择,直连,香港,台湾,日本,新加坡,美国]
#分隔,下面是地区分组
- name: 香港
type: url-test
include-all: true
tolerance: 10
filter: "(?i)港|hk|hongkong|hong kong"
- name: 台湾
type: url-test
include-all: true
tolerance: 10
filter: "(?i)台|tw|taiwan"
- name: 日本
type: url-test
include-all: true
tolerance: 10
filter: "(?i)日|jp|japan"
- name: 美国
type: url-test
include-all: true
tolerance: 10
filter: "(?i)美|us|unitedstates|united states"
- name: 新加坡
type: url-test
include-all: true
tolerance: 10
filter: "(?i)(新|sg|singapore)"
- name: 自动选择
type: url-test
include-all: true
tolerance: 10
rules:
#- GEOIP,lan,直连,no-resolve
#- GEOSITE,CN,直连
#- GEOIP,CN,直连
#- MATCH,默认
- MATCH,直连
```
其中，```mixed-port```的端口号需要自行更改。在拥有sudo权限的linux系统中，可以通过配置```tun```或```tproxy```实现透明代理，在防检测能力上更胜一筹。更多配置选项请参考[Wiki](https://wiki.metacubex.one)。
## 1.3 mihomo运行
准备好二进制文件```mihomo```、数据库文件```geosite.dat```、`geoip.dat`以及配置文件```config.yaml```后，在mihomo文件夹中运行二进制文件，成功启动的日志如下。
```shell
./mihomo* -f config.yaml -d ./
```
而当出现端口占用情况时，日志通常会出现报错，这时候就需要修改配置文件中的```mixed-port```了。
```textile
ERRO[] Start Mixed(http+socks) server error: listen tcp :7890: bind: address already in use
```
为了让mihomo持续运行，需要将其挂在后台启动，可以通过```nohup```、```screen```或```pm2```等途径将其运行于后台，这里以nohup为例。
```shell
nohup ./mihomo* -f config.yaml -d ./ >> clash.log 2>&1 &
```
通过浏览clash.log文件判断是否成功在后台启动，或通过```ps```。
```shell
ps -ef | grep mihomo
```
成功启动后，可以通过配置环境变量的方式应用代理，具体配置方法如下。
```shell
export http_proxy=http://10.0.0.1:7890 #将端口改为配置文件中设置的端口号
export https_proxy=http://10.0.0.1:7890
```
完成上述所有工作后，你应该可以在主节点访问所有国内域名了，也可以在任意节点```node0*```中访问互联网。可以通过```curl```进行测试对域名的访问情况，示例如下。
```shell
curl https://www.baidu.com
```
返回结果：
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn" autofocus></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');
</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
```
通过上述方法应该已经可以解决集群中的网络问题，现在可以将前面提到的环境变量写到```.bashrc```中来实现每次登录集群时自动应用代理了。
需要注意的是，mihomo并不会随着集群的重启而自动重启，因而当集群因断电重启后，需要重新运行。而在拥有sudo权限的linux系统中，可以通过```init.d```、```systemd```等服务实现mihomo的开机自启动，这里以```systemd```为例。
```shell
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/mihomo.service
```
```textile
[Unit]
Description=mihomo
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=always
ExecStart=/home/khz/mihomo/mohomo -f /home/khz/mihomo/config.yaml -d /home/khz/mihomo
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
## 1.4 在linux中访问外网（额外）
此节并非本文的主要探讨内容，有需要的请自行修改配置文件，需要修改的地方包括：
```yaml
# url 里填写自己的订阅,名称不能重复
proxy-providers:
provider1:
url: "你的订阅url"
type: http
interval: 86400
health-check: {enable: true,url: "https://www.gstatic.com/generate_204", interval: 300}
```
在```url```选项中填写你的机场clash订阅地址；
```yaml
external-controller: 127.0.0.1:9090 #此处自行修改一个未被占用的端口
```
取消对```external-controller```的注释并修改端口号为一个未占用的；
```yaml
rules:
- GEOIP,lan,直连,no-resolve
- GEOSITE,CN,直连
- GEOIP,CN,直连
- MATCH,默认
#- MATCH,直连
```
对rules的前面几行取消注释，并注释原有的最后一行。
完成上述工作后，重新启动mihomo。此时，mihomo应该会自动下载你的机场的订阅文件。根据配置的规则，启动后对国内域名会通过国内网络访问，国外域名会通过```默认-自动选择```节点，从机场配置文件的所有节点中按```url-test```得到的延迟选择最小的进行连接。可以通过```curl```检查对外网的连通性，示例如下。
```shell
curl https://www.google.com
```
```html
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```
如果想要自行选择节点，可以参考Wiki的[api部分](https://wiki.metacubex.one/api/#_10)进行选择，示例如下。
```shell
curl -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9095/proxies/默认' -d '{"name": "新加坡"}'
```
更详细的请参照[Wiki](https://wiki.metacubex.one/config)来修改配置文件。完成上述所有操作后，应该就可以恢复集群中的网络访问，并在linux中访问外网了。
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